5th Congress Autism-Europe
Articulos / Proceeding
Autism-Spain

QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN PROGRAMMES FOR PEOPLE WITH AUTISM

Ramón Barinaga Osinalde, Spain

GAUTENA

Index

1.- Introduction

2.- Plan for quality and continual improvement:

2.1.- Why?

2.2.- What for?

2.3.- How?

2.3.1.- External consultantship. ISO norm 9002

2.3.2.- Participation in the process:

directive team, families, remainder of the staff

3.- Where are we going?

4.- Strong points and weak points of the process undertaken in Gautena

4.1.- Strong points

4.2.- Weak points

5.- Summary and conclusions

1.- INTRODUCTION

Over the next few minutes, I am going to explain the initiative that GAUTENA is carrying out in the area of Quality. This report is structured under the index above.

Before getting down to business, allow me to give you a bit of background information that will help to know our institution a bit more, and therefore shed more light on our process towards Quality.

(Transparency 1)

GAUTENA is an Association of parents created in 1978 in San Sebastián which works throughout the county of Guipúzcoa. Guipúzcoa is a province situated on the North coast of Spain on the French frontier. It is approximately 50 x 60 km., with a relatively dispersed population density (663,000).

Guipúzcoa is one of the three counties of the Basque Autonomous Community, which is governed under a Statute of Autonomy that confers full competences in terms of Health, Education and Social Services. The Diputaciones Forales (county councils) have their own regulations of taxation in their respective historic territories.

GAUTENA, a non profit making Entity of Social Initiative, is basically public funded. However membership fees cover approximately 9% of the expenditure. Around a hundred staff (of which 60% are full time workers) are employed to help in services provided to almost two hundred families in Guipúzcoa.

At present, GAUTENA provides the following services:

This Program is run by the Technical Team of GAUTENA -Child Psychiatrists and Psychologists- and covers diagnosis and treatment of the population we attend.

Composed of 12 classrooms, 10 of the which are to be found integrated into ordinary school centers throughout the county, while the other 2 classrooms are located in a Special School in San Sebastián.

A Program for over 20's which is of both an educational and occupational nature.

The function of this program is to provide Community Housing in way of Home Units integrated into the community, to supply lodging for the more severely affected people.

On one hand the activities included in this area are directed towards leisure and to the promotion of the individual development of the clients of GAUTENA, while on the other hand, the family can "get a break" in these short term lodgings -bank holidays, week-ends and vacations-.

2.- PLAN FOR QUALITY AND CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT: WHY?

WHAT FOR? AND HOW?

The Quality, from our point of view, and without entering in questions of definitions, seeks the best for the people to whom we direct our attention and for their families. This search for the excellence in our work, is a permanent process of improvement.

We have reached the conclusion that the objective of Quality and Permanent Improvement in GAUTENA is well worthwhile, because in 1996 GAUTENA has over 18 years of experience and a dimension, which justifies the necessity of channelling all the intents of Quality improvement on a formally established structured plan.

The current initiative of GAUTENA in pro of the Quality, subscribes to the methodologies of Quality Assurance which by overcoming the vision of the Quality as meaning only inspection and control, constitutes a necessary step towards our objective of Total Quality.

For us, the Quality in services for people with Autism and other related problems is understood as the conjunction of two lines of complementary work.

(Transparency 2.- "Complementary framework for quality")

Having a specific body of knowledge in the field of autism on one hand, and the managing of the organization according to the guidelines of the methodologies of Quality on the other. In this way we are able to apply as a "state of art" the best practical protocols at any given time, to lead us towards a more effective and efficient work.

In our opinion, the two points are indispensable and complementary. The joining of both will bring us nearer to the aims of Quality.

2.2.- WHAT FOR?

Here in GAUTENA we have started a process of Quality, that follows the standard procedures of Assurance Quality.

It is therefore a methodology that obliges us to put our thoughts down on paper, that is to say, to be concrete about how things should be , -from the ethical, technical, and administrative point of view-, that is to say, our idea on the Quality at any given moment.

The Quality Assurance plan contemplates a series of procedures that by being applied will provide a better service, guaranteeing the users and their families clear procedures that assure them a very definite itinerary, in which there is no doubt about the contents and the responsibilities, that is to say, the what, the how, the when and the who of each matter.

The idea is to give each family the possibility of knowing the individual program of their child in writing, of knowing who the tutors are , or the person in charge of each specific program, education, treatment and leisure. How often and with what frequency contact with the families will be kept , what type of written material should be received by the family and when, etc.

The idea is therefore to guarantee an integral and individualised approach to the disabled person, and to avoid errors such as lack of co-ordination among the different services, vagueness in the contents of the diverse programs, and the identification of interlocutors.

By way of these methods, it is possible to guarantee the communication between staff and families, and the participation of the latter in all the phases of the process of attending their children.

2.3.- HOW?

2.3. 1. - External Consultantship. ISO norm 9002

GAUTENA decided to approach the objective of the Quality, from a formally established point. That is the ISO 9002 norm, adopted by the European Union, and the principal international agents that deal with Quality.

To do this, we decided to seek the advice of specialists in Quality, Arthur Andersen Business Consulting, who are supervising and guiding the process.

In short, it is a system to Assure Quality, having as a reference a predetermined established norm.

The ISO norm 9002 requires the composition of a Quality Manual and of a Procedures Manual, with arrangement to the following indexes:

(Transparency 3.- "Quality Manual")

The Quality Manual contains the most theoretical aspects related to the philosophy and objectives of the Association, as well as to the identification of our own definition of Quality in our work environment, based on technical and ethical approaches adopted in GAUTENA.

The Quality Manual, contains aspects relative to the culture -the way things are done-, and the values -the frame of reference-, of GAUTENA.

The Procedures Manual regulates the sequence of proceedings required to be met by all those who come into contact with our Organization.

(Transparency 4. - "Procedures Manual")

In this sense, the Manual of Procedures details the full process, from the moment of welcome to the programme, the initial diagnosis, until the referral of the case to its corresponding service of GAUTENA, for the development of an individualised programme of intervention, and the adequate follow up and updating.

The chapter on the Training of the Human Resources in the company deserves a special consideration, not only due to its enormous importance in all modern organizations, but also, for its direct incidence in the Quality of the service provided. Therefore, the annual composition of a Training Plan is referred to as obligatory.

Both documents -"Quality Manual" and "Procedures Manual"-, are supplemented on one hand, with an "Informative Manual" and with some "Pages on Procedures". The Informative Manual picks up the main part of specific techniques about Autism in the Organization, on how we understand the Quality of the services for people with Autism in GAUTENA. That is to say, the Informative Manual picks up the "state of the art," adapted to GAUTENA's environment.

(Transparency 5. - "Service Information Manual ")

The "Pages on proceedings" allows us in practice, to follow and accomplish each step of each procedure.

2.3.2.- Participation in the process: Directive team, Families, remainder of the Personnel

In accordance with the definition set down by GAUTENA, in this process of Quality and under the responsibility of the Management, we have considered the part played by the Technical Team and of Supervisors of GAUTENA and of the Medical Adviser as essential. They have, right from the beginning, undertaken the managing of the process and have transmitted it correctly to the staff under them.

In this sense, in GAUTENA, we try to boost the following characteristics which we consider as essential in a Directive Team.

(Transparency 6. - "Characteristics of the Directive Team")

On the other hand, a Committee of Quality, composed of a representative of the families,- member of the Board-, the Management, the Medical Adviser and the Medical Director has been set up to look after the execution of the plan.

The plan establishes mechanisms for the systematic surveys of opinions from clients, families and staff.

A special attempt to imply the families to whom we provide services and the members of staff who are in direct contact, has been carried out not only through personal contact but also through family satisfaction surveys and staff satisfaction surveys. Armed with the results of these surveys and with an eagerness to complete and enrich the information therein contained, group meetings have been held for families and staff of the different sections.

On the whole, one could conclude from the survey to families, that the majority express a reasonable degree of satisfaction with the Association, underlining its flexibility to adapt to the demands of each situation.

We now know in which areas the families reclaim an improvement in the service. In first place the demand of a more personalised attention, followed by a demand for more services. Another demand is the improvement in the information that they receive from the Association.

(Transparency 7. - "Family Demands")

The families, nevertheless, recognise a general reluctance -80% of the poll-to participate more actively in the Association's commissions for follow-up and control.

The staff note a "pleasing and positive" atmosphere of work and point out the following factors of improvement:

- greater readiness of human means and materials

- Training

- Collaboration of the families

- Co-ordination among the staff

(Transparency 8.- "Staff Demands")

3.- WHERE ARE WE GOING?

We understand the implanting of a system to assure Quality, as an instrument that will allow us to improve in all that is relative to how we organise our proceedings, but, on the other hand, we also see it as the means to introduce ourselves in the culture of the Quality, the search of excellence in the provision of services.

In order to guide us along this road we used the objectives of the Total Quality as our reference.

(Transparency 9. - "The Definition of the Total Quality")

In order to reach our objective, our guide has been the principles of Total Quality Management.

(Transparency 10. - "Principles of Total Quality")

On our way toward the Total Quality, we took the European Model of Management, the European Foundation of Quality Management, as our guideline because it summarises the most advanced knowledge and the most practical improvements in management of existent organizations in the European Union nowadays.

(Transparency 11. - "The European Model of Management")

lt is, in fact, this model that picks up the above mentioned principles of the management toward the Total Quality, and marks nine criteria to define the areas in which reflection or analysis should be carried out.

This model assembles the nine criteria in two boxes, giving each one of them a determined punctuation. The AGENTS or aspects that should manage the direction of the organizations and the RESULTS that are the consequences of the management of the agents and, at the same time, permit feedback.

To work along these principles implies being in a "never ending process" of permanent improvement in which "nothing or nobody" should be left out, and which constitutes the centerpiece of the Organization based in "CUSTOMER SATISFACTION."

4.- STRONG POINTS AND WEAK POINTS OF THE PROCESS UNDERTAKEN IN GAUTENA

4.1.- Strong points

(Transparency 12.- "Strong Points of the Process")

1) In first place, one could say that the identification of the objective constitutes in itself, a very positive aspect in the life of an organization of this nature, because it implicates dynamics and a will to improve.

The central idea that spurs us on is that we provide a service for the disabled and their families and it is with that in mind that we use our energy to improve, and this is, on its own, an important issue to underline.

2) In second place recognize that the entities that are devoted to the attention of the disabled are not essentially different to any another entity that provides services to the people, and that therefore the same methods of Quality are applicable.

3) On the other hand, we recognize that an External consultantship of specialized characteristics is necessary. This is, from our point of view, another factor which offers guarantees in the process undertaken in GAUTENA.

4) Another positive aspect of this process is the amount of systematic feedback of opinions and comments forwarded by both staff and families.

4.2.- Weak points

(Transparency 13.- "Weak points")

1) Perhaps the main "weak point" in the implanting of methodologies of Quality Management in GAUTENA undertaken at the moment, is the fact that these are seen to be "strange" and "irrelevant" in the daily work in the services, due to the unfamiliar techniques.

In this sense, from our experience, we would permit ourselves to recommend that before setting up a plan of this nature, it is important that both family and staff be informed and educated concerning the philosophy and the methodology of Quality System to apply,

2) Another aspect that has not worked out too well in GAUTENA, has been the demands of time and of rhythms of work that the set up of the Plan requires. To do this at the same time as other obligations is something that certainly doesn't result easy.

One way to resolve this might be enthusiasm and self motivation. Never the less these motives are hard to achieve

3) Another drawback to all these initiatives, which fortunately has been overcome, was the feeling of "bogged down in papers."

In this respect our experience told us to "stick to the basics" and not take on too much.

4) All processes which imply the introduction of changes, come up against resistance. We have also come up with them, however we can say that the more we advanced in the programme the weaker the resistance.

In all, it has been with no doubt, a positive experience.

5. - S SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The Quality of the service to the people with autism and their families is the authentic reason of being of our Organization. In GAUTENA, with our specific knowledge in the field of Autism, we have decided to apply a methodology of Quality Assurance, in which the trigger has been the will to improve our work.

(Transparency 14.- "Summary and Conclusions")

With the aid of an external specialized consultantship - Arthur Andersen Business Consulting-, we are designing and applying a system to Assure the Quality.

This means a big step forward in our work, and the more we incorporate systems of control, revisions and permanent updating, the more we are convinced in that it will serve to channel future energies to improve the quality of our services.

In this permanent process, we follow the guidelines under the principles of the Total Quality, just as it is in the European model of Management (E.F.Q.M.).

In GAUTENA we have introduced the Culture of Quality. Our aim now is to improve day by day to be able to offer the best possible service to the people with Autism and their families.

PROCEDURES MANUAL

1. Diagnosis & assessment 11. Extemal information

2. Admission 12. Annual plan follow-up

3. Initial plan 13. Families satisfaction surveys

4. Annual program 14. Staff satisfaction surveys

5. Client agreement 15. Self-assessment surveys

6. Quality documents control 16. Complaints and suggestions

7. Client documents control 17. Quality register

8. Client identification 18. Intemal quality audits

9. Model record 19. Staff development plan

10. Listing of record documents' 20. Clients satisfaction survey

QUALITY MANUAL

INDEX (ISO 9002)

1. Management responsability 12. Inspection and test status (N/A)

2. Quality system 13. Control of nonconforming

product

3. Contract review (N/A)

4. Design control 14. Corrective action (NIA)

5. Document control 15. Handling, storing, packaging

6. Purchasing (N/A) and delivery (NIA)

7. Purchaser supplied product (N/A) 16. Quality records

8. Product identification and traceability 17. Internal quality audits

9. Process control 18. Training

10. Inspection and testing (NIA) 19. Servicitig (NIA)

11. Inspection, measuring and 20. Statistical techniques (NIA)

test equipment (NIA)

SERVICE INFORMATION MANUAL

1. INTRODUCTION

2. MISSION STATEMENT

3. INTRODUCTION TO AUTISM AND RELATED DISORDERS

4. CHARTER FOR PERSONS WITH AUTISM (IAAE)

5. HUMAN RIGHTS ASSESSMENT

6. A COMPREBENSIVE VIEW OF OUR CLIENTS NEEDS

7. OUR MODEL OF SERVICE DELIVERY

8. HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY, PRESENT DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE

NEED

9. FUNDING ASPECTS

10. RELATIONSHIP WITH PRIVATE AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS

11. MEANS OF PARTICIPATION IN THE SOCIETY

12. GENERAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

13. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF OUR SERVICES

14. OUR COMMITMENT TO CONTINOUS IMPROVEMENT

CHARATERISTICS OF THE DIRECTIVE TEAM

l.- Cohesion in the substancial

2.- Individual commitment to the importance of management of Human Resources

3.- Ability to accomplish personal activity in the development of the general aims

FAMILY DEMANDS

· MORE SERVICES

· MORE PERSONALIZED ATTENTION

· IMPROVEMENT IN INFORMATION

STAFF DEMANDS

· GREATER READINESS OF HUMAN RESOURCES AND MATERIALS

· TRAINING

· FAMILY-COOPERATION

· INTERSTAFF COORDINATION

DEFINITION OF TOTAL QUALITY

A GLOBAL STRATEGY WHICH IS UNDERTAKEN BY THE ORGANIZATION,

AND IS DESIGNED TO:

"MOBILIZE AND INVOLVE ALL THE RESOURCES OF THE ORGANIZATION TO ACHIEVE PERMANENT SATISFACTION OF THE EXPECTATIONS OF THE CUSTOMER/CLIENT IN A CONSTANT EFFORT OF CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT

PRINCIPLES OF TOTAL QUALITY

1. Orientation towards the client

2. Implication of all

3. Continuous improvement

4. Process control

5. Document control

6. Leadership

STRONG POINTS OF THE PROCESS

1.- THE MERE IDENTIFICATION OF THE OBJECTIVE

2.- APPLICATION OF STANDARD METHODS OF QUALITY TO OUR ORGANIZATIONS

3.- IMPORTANCE OF A SPECIALIZED EXTERNAL CONSULTANT

4.- SYSTEMATIC FEEDBACK FROM BOTH STAFF AND FAMILIES

WEAK POINTS OF THE PROCESS

1.- "STRANGE", UNKNOWN METHODS UNFAMILIAR TO STAFF AND CLIENTS

2.- TIME LIMITATIONS. PRESSURE OF DAILY DEMANDS

3.- FEAR OF BEING "BOGGED DOWN IN PAPERS,

REMEDY."STICK TO THE BASICS " AND "NOT TAKE ON TOO MUCH"

4.- RELUCTANCE TO CHANGE

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE ON AUTISM ACCORDING TO

"THE STATE OF ART" IN EACH PERIOD

SYSTEM OF ASSURING QUALITY

(ISO NORM 9002)

ADVANCE TOWARDS WORKING UNDER

TIHE PRINCIPLES OF TOTAL QUALITY

TO OFFER BEST SERVICE TO PEOPLE WITH

AUTISM AND THEIR FAMILIES